How the length of wire affects its resistance Essays

How the length of wire affects its resistance Essays How the length of wire affects its resistance Paper How the length of wire affects its resistance Paper Introduction- In our investigation we are trying to find out that what are the factors which effect the resistance of a resistance wire. Through textbooks and information from the Internet I have identified these factors. -The length of the wire -The thickness of the wire -The material of the wire -The temperature of the wire Through my general knowledge and reading through various textbooks I know that electrons move more easily through some conductors than others. And that the resistance is the opposing force, which slows down the flow of electrons. And through learning I know that good conductors have low resistance and poor conductors have high resistance. And a resistance is caused in a circuit when a free moving electron collides with an ion where the kinetic energy of the electron is transformed to heat energy and therefore it loses its speed and in turn the material the electrons were flowing through gets hot. From past learning I know that the free moving electron is said to be free because they have enough energy to escape from the attraction of the nucleus, and move with a random motion. And they will flow in one direction from the negative side to the positive of the circuit (because the electron is negatively charged) when I pass a current through the circuit. While reading through a textbook I also found out that when the current is passing through the circuit the electrons would have many opportunities to collide with an ion because this is a fixed structure of the metal wire that I will be testing. And would be attracted to the negative side of the circuit because it is positively charged but however it cannot move because it has no energy to do so or again because it is a fixed structure. Trough learning I know that the best way to find out the resistance of a wire in ohms is by using the following equation. Resistance of voltage across the conductor A conductor = current through the conductor Which in short can be written as V R= I Variables- The main factor of the whole experiment is the wire that we use to test the resistance. The wire will be in use the hole time through out the experiment. Beginning from 100cm and ending at 10cm. The only other factor that will affect the wire is the temperature, the reason being because I have worked with it if the electricity is left for a long time on. Then the wire will start to melt or if it is on a higher electricity level from the power pack then the wire will actually burn. Prediction- I predict that the longer the length of the wire the higher the resistance because, the longer the wire the more ions it will have, so theoretically there are more opportunities for the free moving electrons to collide with the ion. Which reduces its speed so to this the resistance increases also predict that the length of wire would be directly proportional to the resistance. So if you increase the length by two the resistance would also increase by two times. I predicted this because from my past learning and the information I have gathered tells me that this is true. (GCSE physics by Duncan) clearly states the resistance of a wire is proportional to its length (quadrupling the length quadruples the resistance) And (lets revise GCSE science) also suggests, the length of wire is proportional to its resistance Apparatus- Ruler-100cm long with the wire attached to it with tape. Voltmeter -this was connected parallel to the wire. Power pack -the supply of energy was put to two volts Ammeter -this was connected from the positive side of the power pack to the positive of the ammeter with a lead because this is the best way to get an accurate reading. Leads -this connected all the equipment Crocodile clips -this was used to connect the leads to the metal wire to let a current pass through. Variable resistor- if reading of voltmeter beyond range adjusted. Method- My circuit was set up like this: + Variable resistor Power pack Voltmeter Ammeter + + 100 cm Ruler Test wire. In this investigation a simple circuit will be set up to read the voltage and current when the length of the wire changes. The circuit should be set up as above. The length will range from 10cm 100cm (1m) with intervals of 10cm. Moving the crocodile clip across the wire on a ruler will change the length of the wire. If I am doing the experiment rite then I should be able to spot a pattern straight away. This way I would be able to see if the experiment is going ok. Of the pattern does not show up then the experiment that is being carried out is wrong.

Tobacco Dispute Settlements In The Wto Essays - Tobacco Control

Tobacco Dispute Settlements In The Wto Essays - Tobacco Control Tobacco Dispute Settlements In The Wto International Law Essay lawteacher.net/free-law-essays/international-law/tobacco-dispute-settlements-in-the-wtointernational-law-essay.php The focus of this article is the US decision to implement the Family Smoking Prevention Tobacco Control Act of 2009, which contains a provision that bans the sale or distribution of all flavored cigarettes except menthol. A birds eye view of the Family Smoking Prevention Tobacco Control Act of 2009 gives the impression that it is well intentioned. Keeping a close eye on tobacco product manufacturers seems like a good measure for society as a whole. However this legislation is deeply flawed. Furthermore it has far reaching implications for the Indonesian tobacco industry and for Indonesia as a whole. Now how does this affect Indonesia? The majority of cigarettes produced and exported by Indonesia contain clove, so the US has more or less banned Indonesian presence in the US tobacco industry. What is even more surprising is that the legislation contains no restriction on menthol cigarettes which directly benefits the local industry of the US where a high majority of cigarettes produced contain menthol. The name of Phillip Morris Inc. cannot go unmentioned in this regard considering the fact that they are the largest makers of menthol cigarettes and strongly support this bill , leading to this act being nicknamed as the Marlboro Monopoly Act of 2009. The main purpose of this article is to educate the readers about the current dispute in light of the GATT rules and regulations. It will focus not only on the Indonesian perspective but also on the US response to the Indonesian allegations. WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCEDURE Dispute settlement in the WTO occurs through the DSU (Dispute Settlement Unit) whereby a dispute settlement board (DSB) is set up which consists of a representative from both WTO members. The WTO dispute settlement mechanism is a 2 step process namely Consultation Panel Proceedings Indonesia can firstly exercise its rights under article 22 and 23 of the GATT and make its concerns known to the US authorities. The US will then have to abide by the WTO rules and under article 22 of the GATT, give sympathetic consideration, to the concerns of Indonesia and enter into consultations with them. The US is then bound by WTO laws to reply to a request for consultation within 10 days of receiving the request and start the consultation process within 30 days of the receipt. Consultations would take place in accordance with article 4 of the DSU. In the event the issue could not be resolved through consultation within 60 days of the receipt of the request, the complaining party may request the establishment of a panel and thus moving to the panel proceedings step. The complaining party may request a panel even within the 60 days if both parties agree that the dispute cannot be resolved through consultations (Art 4.7). The panel proceedings stage is based on a 2 tier structure (1) Panel & (2) Appellate Body. In this stage, as mentioned before, the complainant, in this case Indonesia, can ask the DSB to appoint a Dispute Resolution Panel which assists the DSB in making a decision. The panel then investigates the issue and is required to submit its final report to the DSB within 6 months. Firstly only the interim report is distributed to the parties and if none of the concerned parties have any comment on the report, the report is considered final. If any party feels the need to add something then their views are included in the report before finalizing and then submitted to the DSB for consideration and within 60 days would be adopted formally unless the DSB decides by consensus not to adopt the report or either party chooses to appeal against the report (Art 16.4). BREACH OF GATT Article 3 Article 3.4 of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) agreement states that "The products of the territory of any contracting party imported into the territory of any other contracting party shall be accorded treatment no less favourable than that accorded to like products of national origin in respect of all laws, regulations and requirements affecting their internal sale, offering for sale, purchase, transportation, distribution or use." According to Indonesia flavored cigarettes represent a "like" product manufactured in Indonesia and the U.S. The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act restricts the sale or distribution of clove flavored cigarettes - made in Indonesia - but not the menthol flavored cigarettes manufactured in the U.S. As long as clove cigarettes and menthol cigarettes are considered to be

International Finance essays

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Why should we drink alcohol Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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